DOU 09/02/2024 - Diário Oficial da União - Brasil _do1_extra_A

TEXTO OFICIAL · ÍNTEGRA

Documento assinado digitalmente conforme MP nº 2.200-2 de 24/08/2001, que institui a Infraestrutura de Chaves Públicas Brasileira - ICP-Brasil. Este documento pode ser verificado no endereço eletrônico http://www.in.gov.br/autenticidade.html, pelo código 06002024020900013 13 Nº 29-A, sexta-feira, 9 de fevereiro de 2024 ISSN 1677-7042 Seção 1 - Edição Extra 285. No mesmo sentido, a União Europeia no documento de 2017 "Commission Staff Working Document on Significant Distortions In The Economy Of The People's Republic Of China For The Purposes Of Trade Defence Investigations" (Commission Staff Working Document on Significant Distortions in The Economy of The People's Republic of China For The Purposes Of Trade Defence Investigations. Disponível em: https://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-15955-2017-INIT/en/pdf. Acessado em 04 de julho de 2023), concluiu que o Estado chinês possuiria um papel de liderança na governança econômica do país. Isso porque o governo chinês define a estratégia para promoção do rápido crescimento e das políticas industriais através de "Planos Quinquenais (five-year plans)", que permitiriam ao governo controlar o desenvolvimento econômico do país e implementar políticas específicas para apoiar a reestruturação e expansão de determinadas indústrias, indicando as consideradas prioritárias para fins de alocação de recursos, investimentos e políticas de incentivo. 286. Dentro dos planos quinquenais chineses, segundo a peticionária, "há vários anos, a China tem alocado diretrizes destinadas à promoção de saúde pública". 287. Nesse sentido, o capítulo 34 do 12o Plano Quinquenal (Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development), que compreende os anos de 2011 a 2015, assim como o 13º Plano Quinquenal (2016 a 2020), e o atual 14º Plano Quinquenal (2021 a 2025), destacariam a importância dos itens de saúde para aquele país: China 12th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development (2011-2015) Chapter 34: Improve basic health care system. "In accordance with the requirements basic protection, grassroots strengthening and mechanism building, we increase the government investment, deepen the reform of pharmaceutical and healthcare system, set up and improve the basic medical and health care system, speed up the development of medical and health care, give a priority to meet the basic medical and health of urban and rural residents." (Disponível em https://policy.asiapacificenergy.org/node/37. Acessado em 04 de julho de 2023) "We will regulate the order of medicine distribution, improve the government-led centralized online procurement of medicines at provincial level, strengthen the monitoring and management of centralized procurement and distribution, further standardize procurement behavior, and include high-value medical devices and materials into the list of centralized procurement" [...] "Development of health inspection system: we will support the construction of offices and procurement of basic equipment for health inspection institutions at primary level. We will improve the surveillance network for drinking water safety." [...] "Improve the primary health service system: we will on one hand support the county hospitals and township hospitals to improve their infrastructure, and on the other hand provide mobile medical service vehicles for remote and poor areas together with basic medical care and first aid equipment." (Disponível em https://extranet.who.int/nutrition/gina/sites/default/filesstore/CHN%202011%20National% 20Health%20Plan%202011- 2015.pdf. Acessado em 04 de julho de 2023). China 13th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development (2016-2020) "We will strengthen oversight over the healthcare industry across the board, improve the quality of health care, and ensure that health care is safe. We will create a better work environment for medical practitioners and improve mechanisms for mediating disputes between them and patients to facilitate more amicable relations." (Disponível em https://en.ndrc.gov.cn/policies/202105/P020210527785800103339.pdf. Acessado em 04 de julho de 2023) China 14th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development (2021-2025) "Comprehensively promoting construction of a Healthy China. We will: Put the protection of people's health in a strategic position for priority development, adhere to the prevention-first directive, deeply implement the Healthy China initiative, refine national health promotion policies, weave a strong web for national public health defense, and provide comprehensive, full-lifecycle health services for the people; reform the disease prevention and control system, and strengthen functions such as monitoring and early warning, risk assessment, epidemiological investigation, testing and inspection, and emergency response. We will establish stable mechanisms for investing in public health, strengthen human resources development, refine the basic disease control conditions, improve public health service projects, and strengthen the grassroots public health system. We will: Implement the public health responsibility system for medical institutions and create new mechanisms for collaboration on medical prevention; refine public health emergency monitoring, warning and handling mechanisms; improve systems for medical treatment, S&T support and material support; and increase capacity for responding to public health emergencies. diagnosis and treatment system, strengthen construction and management evaluation of public hospitals, promote nationally organized, centralized purchasing and use reform for drugs and consumables, and develop high-end medical equipment;"[...] Safeguarding the security of people's lives. We will: Adhere to putting people and life first, make protecting the people's safety the top priority, and comprehensively increase capacity for assuring public safety; improve and put into practice the responsibility system for workplace safety, strengthen workplace safety supervision and law enforcement, and effectively curb major safety accidents involving hazardous chemicals, mines, construction work, transportation, and so on; strengthen protection of biosecurity, and improve the level of assurance for the safety of products and services such as food and drugs that relate to people's health; [...] We will also refine the national emergency response management system, strengthen construction of systems to ensure emergency response supplies, develop catastrophe insurance, and improve capacity in disaster prevention, mitigation, resistance and relief. (Disponível em https://cset.georgetown.edu/wp-content/uploads/t0237_5th_Plenum_Proposal_EN-1.pdf. Acessado em 04 de julho de 2023) (grifo nosso) 288. A preocupação em garantir um sistema de saúde fortalecido como parte da política pública chinesa também estaria associada ao fornecimento de equipamentos médicos tendo sido destacado o documento "The Communist Party of China and Human Rights Protection -- A 100-Year Quest": "The Chinese Soviet Republic formed an epidemic prevention and control committee at the central level, and health departments (offices) were set up at the district, county and provincial levels. Hospitals were built for workers and peasants, as well as clinics for the poor and public health centers. The cohort of health workers was strengthened, and mass campaigns were and control epidemics." "The rights to life and health are better protected. Treating health services as a matter of public welfare, the CPC has continued to drive deeper reform of the medical and health care system. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, the Central Committee has followed two guidelines: "People's health is a strategic priority for development", and "Without a healthy population, we will be unable to achieve moderate prosperity". Based on such understanding, the leadership took a major decision to carry out the Healthy China initiative." "China has engaged itself actively in building a global community of health for all. By building hospitals, offering medicine and medical equipment, dispatching medical teams, training local healthcare workers, and carrying out exchanges and cooperation on disease prevention and control, it has helped recipient developing countries further improve their medical and healthcare provision, raise the standards of their disease prevention and control, and strengthen their capabilities in public health." (Disponível em http://ae.china- embassy.gov.cn/eng/xwdt/202107/t20210705_8909901.htm. Acessado em 04 de julho de 2023) (grifo nosso) 289. De acordo com a peticionária, não somente existiria o interesse na melhoria do sistema de saúde, como também o efetivo investimento no setor, sendo reconhecido o impacto na indústria da saúde e na economia chinesa, conforme notícia veiculada pela Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS): "President Xi Jinping has put health at the center of the country's entire policy-making machinery, making the need to include health in all policies an official government policy. In August, China held its National Health Conference, which was the most important national meeting on health in twenty years. This meeting demonstrated the government's tremendous political will in investing in health." "Multisectoral collaboration and innovation play a key role in Healthy China. With over 20 departments drafting the 2030 plan, a vision has been set for a significantly expanded health industry, which would become a mainstay of the national economy."( Disponível em https://www.who.int/teams/health-promotion/enhanced-wellbeing/ninth-global- conference/healthy-china. Acessado em 04 de julho de 2023). 290. A National Health Commission da China veiculou em 2019 notícia intitulada "Healthy China Initiative to transform industry", pela qual apontou que "The government's guideline to implement the Healthy China Initiative focusing on disease prevention, chronic disease management and high-quality treatment will lead to an overhaul and transformation of the health industry, prompting companies to provide better products and services for people in the country, industry insiders said." "With a focus on disease prevention and health promotion, the new guideline proposed 15 special campaigns to "intervene in health influencing factors, protect full- life-cycle health and prevent and control major diseases." (Disponível em http://en.nhc.gov.cn/2019-07/24/c_75596.htm. Acessado em 04 de julho de 2023). 291. A peticionária mencionou também diretrizes relativas ao programa "Made in China 2025" que estabeleceria apoio para industrialização e suprimento de dispositivos médicos, assim como a aquisição governamental de tais produtos, de forma a garantir os volumes de produção: "10. Biotech, pharma, and high-performance medical devices: Develop new chemical medicines, traditional Chinese medicines (TCM), and biotech medicines for major diseases, focusing on new mechanisms and new target chemical drugs, antibody drugs, antibody-drug conjugates (ADC), protein and polypeptide drugs with completely new structures, new vaccines, innovative TCM with outstanding clinical advantages, and personalized therapeutic drugs. Improve the innovation capabilities and level of industrialization of medical devices and focus on the development of high-performance diagnosis and treatment equipment such as imaging equipment and medical robots, high-value medical consumables such as fully degradable vascular stents, and mobile medical products such as wearables and remote diagnostic and treatment devices. Achieve breakthroughs and applications for new technologies such as 3D bioprinting and induced pluripotent stem cells." (Disponível em https://cset.georgetown.edu/wp- content/uploads/t0432_made_in_china_2025_EN.pdf. Acessado em 04 de julho de 2023). 292. Na mesma linha, também foi citado o documento "Report on the Work of the Government", de 2022: "We will improve medical and health services. Government subsidies for basic medical insurance for rural and non-working urban residents will be increased by an average of 30 yuan per person, and subsidies for basic public health services will be increased by an average of 5 yuan per person. The unified management of basic medical insurance funds will be advanced at the provincial level. We will carry out bulk government purchases for more medicines and high-value medical consumables and ensure both the production and supply of these items." (Disponível em http://gy.china-embassy.gov.cn/eng/zt/202203/t20220315_10651688.htm. Acessado em 04 de julho de 2023). 293. O documento "Notice of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology on the issuance of the Petrochemical and Chemical Industry Development Plan (2016- 2020) - MIIT Regulation [2016] No. 318 também enfatizaria a importância da indústria relativa ao setor de saúde: "(3) Develop new chemical materials: Focusing on aerospace, high- end equipment, electronic information, new energy, automobiles, rail transit, energy conservation and environmental protection, medical and health and national defense industry, etc". Este documento, entretanto, não pôde ser considerado, uma vez que não foi possível confirmar a fonte informada pela peticionária, por erro na referência do link indicado. 294. De acordo com a peticionária, com base nos elementos apresentados seria possível perceber diversas diretrizes governamentais destinadas a garantir a produção e o suprimento de itens de proteção à saúde que seriam refletidas no setor de luvas de procedimento. A inclusão de materiais médicos e produtos essenciais na lista de compras centralizada significaria que tais produtos devem estar disponíveis a hospitais e instituições de saúde. O apoio à aquisição de equipamentos básicos poderia interferir nos preços desses produtos, com impactos na cadeia de suprimentos, no entendimento da Targa. 295. A Targa também mencionou a importância, aparentemente reconhecida pelas autoridades de saúde chinesas, de medidas para garantir o fornecimento de equipamentos de proteção individual (EPIs) no combate da epidemia contra a Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave (Sars) que atingiu a China em 2003 (Disponível em https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32791259/. Acessado em 10 de julho de 2023). 296. Desde então, a China teria focado no desenvolvimento de equipamentos básicos e materiais médicos que tenham alta demanda e ampla aplicação para substituir as importações em indústrias-chave, incluindo a de dispositivos médicos (Disponível em https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/05/business/china-medical-supplies.html. Acessado em 10 de julho de 2023). 297. Foi igualmente mencionado que a China já vinha aumentando sua capacidade instalada e sua produção desde antes da pandemia do Coronavírus (Covid-19) (Disponível em https://www.usitc.gov/publications/332/executive_briefings/ebot_glove_story_global_glove _production_amidst_covid-19_pandemic.pdf. Acessado em 10 de julho de 2023), tendo havido aumento de dependência dos produtos chineses, que aumentaram sua participação no mercado mundial, durante o combate à pandemia do Covid-19. 298. Na petição de início, a Targa havia mencionado, como argumento para reforçar o entendimento de que o setor de luvas não operaria em condições de economia de mercado, que o governo chinês teria quantidade significativa de empresas estatais. 299. O DECOM, em sede de informações complementares, indagou a peticionária para que esclarecesse qual a quantidade de empresas estatais haveria na indústria chinesa de luvas não cirúrgicas e qual seria a sua participação no volume produzido e vendido. Em resposta ao questionamento do DECOM, a Targa apontou não dispor de tais informações. A peticionária, entretanto, apresentou informações sobre a empresa estatal ChemChina, a qual produziria e comercializaria luvas médicas de borracha, o que confirmaria, na opinião da Targa, a participação e a interferência do Governo chinês no setor: "ChemChina is a state-owned enterprise established on the basis of companies affiliated to the former Ministry of the Chemical Industry of China" (Disponível em http://www.chemchina.cn/chemchinaen/21045.html. Acessado em 05 de julho de 2023). 300. Registra-se que uma das referências de fontes indicadas sobre as citações feitas na resposta da peticionária concernente à ChemChina (Nota de rodapé no 77 da resposta às informações complementares) apresentou erro no momento da análise da informação por parte do DECOM. 301. Adicionalmente, a Targa ressaltou que a ChemChina possuiria em seus quadros membros do conselho e presidentes integrantes do Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, importante entidade do Partido Comunista (Disponível em https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ning_Gaoning. Acessado em 04 de julho de 2023). 302. A peticionária ressaltou ainda a presença de empresas estatais na cadeia a montante, operando na indústria de borracha/látex, como a China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation (Sinopec Corp.) e a China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC) e PetroChina Company Limited. No entendimento da Targa, o setor de luvas não cirúrgicas na China seria influenciado direta e indiretamente pela presença de empresas estatais. 303. Ainda, a peticionária apontou que a União Europeia teria concluído pela significativa presença de empresas estatais no setor de borracha sintética: "During the investigation, the Commission found indications that the State exercised a certain influence over the domestic market for synthetic rubber. First, according to information received from the GOC, SOEs represented 31,43 % of the domestic output of synthetic rubber." ( Disponível em https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal- content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32018R1690. Acessado em 04 de julho de 2023)